countable nouns

• examples: books, cars, dogs
• how many? - example: how many apples are there?
• some, any, no (= not any) - examples: some apples, any books, no cars
• many, a lot of / lots of - example: many people, a lot of cookies, lots of houses
• (a) few - example: a few friends
• too many - example: too many problems
• enough, not enough - example: enough chairs, not enough time

uncountable nouns

• examples: water, sugar, information
• how much? - example: how much water do you need?
• some, any, no (= not any) - example: some water, any sugar, no information
• many, a lot of / lots of - example: a lot of sugar, lots of information
• (a) little - example: : a little patience
• too much - example: too much noise
• enough, not enough - example: enough time, not enough money

to talk about parts of a whole or a 'zero' quantity

• some in affirmative sentences and in polite questions.
• any in negative and interrogative sentences.
• no with negative sentences.

to talk about a large quantity

• a lot of / lots of in affirmative sentences.
• many / much in negative and interrogative sentences.