present perfect

form

affirmative

• i / you / we / they've (have) won a prize.
• he / she / it has won a prize.

negative

• i / you / we / they haven't (have not) won a prize.
• he / she / it hasn't (has not) won a prize.

interrogative

• have i / you / we / they won a prize?
• has he / she / it won a prize?

short answers

• yes, l / you / we / they have.
• yes, he / she / it has.
• no. i / you / we / they haven't.
• no, he / she / it hasn't.

use

• actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past - example: i have visited that museum.
• actions that happened in an unfinished period of time - example: she has worked here for two years.
• generic information about recent events - example: they have just released a new album.
• life experiences - example: i have traveled to many countries.
• actions that have happened recently when the result is important in the present - example: i have lost my keys.
• to say something has happened several times up to now / so far - example: i have called you three times today.

signal words

• already and just in affirmative sentences - example: she has already finished her homework.
• ever and yet in interrogative sentences - example: have you ever been to paris?
• never and not … yet to give negative answers - example: i have never seen such a movie.
• recently, lately, so far, up to now once … - example: i have recently started a new job.